Feed Resources for Livestock and Poultry

Background

Increase in demand of animal origin food due to:

• Population growth
• Urbanization
• Changing consumer preferences
• Export potential

Feed Resources for Livestock

FODDERS

Crop residues

NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF STRAWS

Nutritional quality is very poor because of:

• Deficient in Protein and energy
• Low palatability and low intake
• Low digestibility and feed efficiency
• Containing higher quantities of indigestible fiber and lignin
• Stay longer in the rumen, lowering the intake and impair productivity.

Rangelands & Pastures

• About 60% of the total area of the country is rangelands.
• Sheep & goats obtain 60% of their feed from rangelands
• Grasses, shrubs and tree leaves are the potential feed reservoir for livestock in Pakistan and needs improvement.
• Artificial reseeding, fertilization and other inputs could provide good results.

Agro-Industrial by-products

• Cotton seed cake & meal
• Rape seed cake & meal
• Sunflower cake & meal
• Linseed cake & meal
• Soybean meal
• Sesame seed cake
• Maize oil cake
• Maize gluten feed
• Wheat bran
• Rice bran
• Maize bran
• Rice polishing
• Cane molasses
• Palm Kernel Cake
• Coconut Cake

Live stock sector change

Livestock sector has developed and changed rapidly in response to

• Shifts in the global economy
• Rising incomes in many developing countries and
• Changing societal expectations

The sector is increasingly expected to provide safe and plentiful food for

• Growing urban populations
• As well as poverty reduction food security, environmental sustainability and public health
• These trends and the challenges were identified a decade ago by Delgado et al. (1999), who coined the term “livestock revolution”

Livestock Feed Industry of Pakistan

• 130 Feed mills in the country
• Only 10 major feed mills, producing ruminant feed in private sector
• Generally home mixed concentrate are prepared by livestock farmers.

Raw materials for poultry

SOLUTIONS

Food and Agriculture

• Contract farming
• Developments of Hybrid Seed
• Promotion of mechanization
• Improve the agronomic practices
• Facilitation to agriculture farmer
• Introduction of new varieties

Poultry & livestock sector

• Studies on Improved Protein and Energy Utilization
• Search for alternative feed ingredients
• Low cost unconventional feed resources
• Use of fiber, as an energy source in poultry diets will be an important means to meet future feed requirements
• Improved digestibility of unconventional feeds through biotechnological approach
• Gut environment manipulation for better nutrient utilization 
• Strict quality control of feed production systems