These are called Horn flies.
These are smallest blood sucking flies which are responsible for the transmission of filarial worms.
There are 3 main species;
- H. Irritans
- H. Stimulans
- H. Exigua
Host is cattle and buffalo.
Morphology:
- Size of adult fly is 4mm and it is of grey color.
- Several dark stripes are present on thorax.
- Abdomen is dark green in color and shorter than musca.
- Mouth part is projected forward and called as proboscis.
- Pulps are long and stout.
- Mouth part consists of Hypopharynx, Maxilla, mandibles, labium and labrum.
- Flies lay egg on freshly passed feces.
- Flies remain on host and leave the host when to go on another host.
Life Cycle:
- Flies lay egg on freshly passed feces.
- Size of egg is about 1-1.5mm.
- Egg hatch immediately and larva develop.
- 27°C is the ideal temperature for larval development. Low temperature delays development.
- From the larvae, pupa develops within 6-8 days.
- From pupa, adult emerges and adult remains on the host.
Pathogenic Effects:
- Flies are present in abundance on the ventral abdomen, side and back of the animal and suck blood.
- When not sucking blood, these are present around the pole and cause great irritation and restlessness for animal.
- Due to constant irritation, create wounds that attract other flies and result in blow fly myiasis. This also leads to secondary bacterial Infections.
- These flies create Great economic losses. It is responsible for transmission of filarial worms.
Treatment & Control:
- Use sprays on animal.
- All of the drugs discussed previously apply on this too.
- Control of these flies is very easy because these live on host.
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